Preliminary Insights in Chronos Frequency Data Understanding and Reconstruction

This study examines whether and how Chronos, a foundation model for time series, represents frequency information. Using lightweight probes of its internal representations, the authors assess the presence and separability of known frequencies, identifying regimes in which representation quality needs particular care.

For cybersecurity, many observed signals — from network traffic and radio measurements to industrial-system telemetry — are temporal, with anomalies often appearing in their frequency structure. Establishing what a foundation model can truly represent is important to avoid opaque or brittle decisions and to design more dependable detection and data-fusion systems.